What is a potential effect of peri-implantitis?

The correct choice highlights the significant impact of peri-implantitis, which is an inflammatory condition affecting the tissues surrounding dental implants. This disease often results in soft tissue swelling due to inflammation and can lead to bone loss around the implant over time. The inflammation causes breakdown of both the soft tissue and the supporting bone, leading to complications that can ultimately affect the stability and functionality of the implant.

In contrast, the other options describe outcomes that are not associated with peri-implantitis. Enhanced bone formation, for instance, would be an undesirable outcome of a healthy implant environment, not one influenced by infection and inflammation. Improvement in gum health does not occur with peri-implantitis; rather, the opposite is true, as the condition degrades the health of the surrounding tissues. Lastly, peri-implantitis does not lead to increased bonding strength of the implant; in fact, the integrity of the bond may be compromised due to the surrounding tissue damage. Thus, the characteristics and consequences of peri-implantitis clearly indicate that soft tissue swelling and bone loss are the primary effects.